Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the reliability of the Jouve Cerebrals Test of Induction (JCTI), an untimed, computerized 52-item test of nonverbal reasoning, by computing the Cronbach's Alpha coefficient and the standard errors of measurement (SEm) for different age groups. A total of 1,020 test-takers participated in the study, and the JCTI's reliability was compared to other assessments such as the Advanced Progressive Matrices (APM) and the Comprehensive Test of Nonverbal Intelligence - Second Edition (CTONI-II). The results demonstrated high internal consistency for the JCTI, making it a reliable measure for individual diagnosis and cognitive assessment.
Keywords: Jouve Cerebrals Test of Induction, JCTI, reliability, Cronbach's Alpha, nonverbal reasoning, cognitive assessment
Introduction
Psychological and educational assessments are crucial tools in understanding individuals' cognitive abilities and diagnosing potential learning or cognitive disorders. Ensuring the reliability of these assessments is imperative for accurate measurement and valid interpretation of the test results (Aiken, 2000; Nunnally & Bernstein, 1994). The present study aims to evaluate the reliability of the Jouve Cerebrals Test of Induction (JCTI), an untimed, computerized 52-item test of nonverbal reasoning, by calculating the Cronbach's Alpha coefficient and the standard errors of measurement (SEm) for different age groups.
Method
Participants
A total of 1,020 individuals participated in the study, with 80% voluntarily and freely taking the JCTI online. The sample comprised 265 females (25.6%), 675 males (66.2%), and 80 individuals with unknown gender (7.8%). In terms of native language, 46.7% were English speakers, 11% were French, 5.2% were German, and the remaining participants spoke languages such as Spanish, Portuguese, Swedish, Hebrew, Greek, Chinese, Danish, Norwegian, Romanian, Serbian, Polish, Italian, Dutch, or Bulgarian, with each language group accounting for less than 5% of the total sample. The participants were diverse in terms of gender, native language, and age, providing a representative sample for the evaluation. To calculate Cronbach's Alpha coefficient and the SEm for the JCTI, the data was divided into different samples based on the examinees' age.
Procedure and Statistical Analysis
The internal consistency of the JCTI was assessed using Cronbach's Alpha coefficient. The SEm was computed based on the alphas and the sample standard deviation. The JCTI's reliability was compared to other assessments such as the APM (Raven, 1998) and the CTONI-II (Hammill et al., 2009).
Results
The reliability coefficients and SEm for raw scores on the JCTI are presented in Table 1. The results demonstrated high internal consistency for the JCTI, with Cronbach's Alpha values ranging from .92 to .96, and an overall value of .95 for the entire sample. The SEm ranged from 2.57 to 2.74, with an overall value of 2.63 for the sample as a whole. These values indicate that the JCTI is a reliable measure for individual diagnosis and cognitive assessment.
Discussion
The high internal consistency coefficients of the JCTI make it a favorable choice compared to other assessments of a similar nature, such as the APM (Raven, 1998) and the CTONI-II (Hammill et al., 2009). The APM has demonstrated reliabilities in the range of .85 to .90 (Raven, 1998; Zhai, 1999), while the CTONI-II's internal consistency estimates range from .83 to .87 for the subtests and from .90 to .95 for the composite scores (Hammill et al., 2009). The JCTI's reliability coefficients are comparable to or even higher than these well-established assessments, making it a strong candidate for use in cognitive assessment and individual diagnosis.
The JCTI's high internal consistency across different age groups supports its potential application in various educational and psychological settings, as well as for diverse populations.
Limitations of this study include the reliance on a single measure of reliability, Cronbach's Alpha, which only evaluates internal consistency. Future research could explore other aspects of reliability, such as test-retest reliability, to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the JCTI's psychometric properties. Additionally, the voluntary nature of the sample may introduce self-selection bias, potentially limiting the generalizability of the findings.
Conclusion
The present study evaluated the reliability of the Jouve Cerebrals Test of Induction (JCTI) by computing Cronbach's Alpha coefficients and standard errors of measurement (SEm) for different age groups. The results demonstrated high internal consistency for the JCTI, making it a reliable measure for individual diagnosis and cognitive assessment. The JCTI compares favorably with other assessments, such as the Advanced Progressive Matrices (APM) and the Comprehensive Test of Nonverbal Intelligence - Second Edition (CTONI-II), supporting its potential use in various educational and psychological settings.
References
Aiken, L. R. (2000). Psychological testing and assessment (10th ed.). Needham Heights, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
Nunnally, J. C., & Bernstein, I. H. (1994). Psychometric theory (3rd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
Raven, J., Raven, J. C., & Court, J. H. (1998). Raven Manual: Sec. 4. Advanced Progressive Matrices (1998 ed.). Oxford: Oxford Psychologists Press.
Zhai, H. (1999). The analysis of Raven’s Advance Progressive test in Chinese national public officer test. Psychological Science, 22(2), 169-182.
Hammill, D. D., Pearson, N. A., & Weiderholt, J. L. (2009). Comprehensive Test of Nonverbal Intelligence (2nd ed.). Austin, TX: Pro-Ed.
